September 8, 2026•
8 min read
Sleep Disorders
Insomnia
Insomnia is a sleep disorder that makes it difficult to fall asleep, stay asleep or get restful sleep, even when you have enough opportunity to sleep. It can affect your mood, concentration, energy levels and overall well-being. Understanding its causes and treatment options can help you take steps toward better sleep.
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Reviewed by:
October 12, 2026
Overview
Understanding Insomnia
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep or waking up earlier than intended, often accompanied by daytime difficulties. It can affect people of all ages and may occur for a short period or continue for months. People experiencing insomnia may feel tired during the day, struggle to concentrate, become irritable or find it difficult to manage everyday responsibilities. Occasional sleep difficulties are common, but recurring problems that affect daily functioning may require professional attention. Insomnia can be associated with stress, anxiety, irregular sleep schedules, certain medications and underlying medical conditions. Identifying the factors contributing to sleep difficulties can help guide appropriate treatment.
Key Insight
Insomnia is not simply about getting fewer hours of sleep. Persistent difficulty sleeping, combined with daytime effects, can indicate a sleep disorder that warrants professional assessment.
Treatment Success
Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a recommended first-line treatment for chronic insomnia in many adults. Depending on the underlying causes and individual needs, treatment may also involve behavioral strategies, addressing associated health conditions or medication when appropriate.
Symptoms
Signs & Symptoms
Recognizing the signs of insomnia is the first step toward getting help. Symptoms can vary in intensity and may affect different areas of your life. Common insomnia symptoms include: > Difficulty falling asleep: Taking a long time to fall asleep despite feeling tired. > Frequent nighttime awakenings: Waking up repeatedly during the night and struggling to fall asleep again. > Early morning awakening: Waking up earlier than intended and being unable to return to sleep. > Unrefreshing sleep: Waking up without feeling rested, even after spending sufficient time in bed. > Daytime fatigue: Feeling tired, low on energy or physically exhausted during the day. > Irritability and mood changes: Experiencing increased irritability, anxiety or low mood associated with poor sleep. > Difficulty concentrating: Having trouble paying attention, remembering information or making decisions. > Reduced daily performance: Experiencing more mistakes, slower reactions or difficulty completing routine tasks. > Sleep-related worry: Feeling anxious or frustrated about falling asleep or getting enough rest.
Difficulty falling asleep at night
Waking up during the night
Waking up too early
Not feeling well-rested after sleep
Daytime tiredness or sleepiness
Irritability, depression, or anxiety
Difficulty paying attention or focusing
Increased errors or accidents
Causes
What Causes Insomnia
Insomnia typically results from a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Understanding these can help guide effective treatment.
Stress and anxiety
Poor sleep habits
Irregular sleep schedule
Mental health disorders
Medical conditions or chronic pain
Caffeine, alcohol, or medications
Treatment
How We Treat Insomnia
At Integrative Behavioral Health & Medicine, we use evidence-based approaches tailored to your unique needs. Our comprehensive treatment plans combine multiple modalities for the best outcomes.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I)
Sleep hygiene education
Stimulus control therapy
Sleep restriction therapy
Relaxation techniques
Medication (when appropriate)
Recovery
Self-Help Strategies
Everyday habits can influence sleep quality. Certain changes may help improve sleep, although persistent insomnia may require structured treatment.
Maintain a consistent sleep schedule
Create a comfortable sleep environment
Stay physically active
Practice relaxation techniques
Limit caffeine and nicotine
Be mindful of alcohol
Manage device screen time
Seek professional support
Remember
These strategies work best when combined with professional treatment. They are not a substitute for therapy or medication when needed.
Support
When to Seek Professional Help
Seek Immediate Help If:
Thoughts of self-harm or suicide
Inability to perform daily activities
Severe panic attacks or dissociation
Substance use to cope with symptoms
Consider Treatment If:
Symptoms of insomnia lasting more than 2 weeks
Difficulty functioning at work, school, or in relationships
Sleep disturbances affecting daily life
Previous treatments haven't provided relief
Crisis Resources
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline
Call or text: 988
Crisis Text Line
Text HOME to 741741
If you or someone you know is in immediate danger, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.
FAQs
Frequently Asked Questions
Get answers to common questions about eating disorders, treatment options, and what to expect during your care.
Common symptoms include difficulty falling asleep, waking up frequently during the night, waking up too early and not feeling rested after sleep. People with insomnia may also experience daytime fatigue, irritability and difficulty concentrating.
Most adults need 7-9 hours, but individual needs vary. Quality matters as much as quantity—consistent, restorative sleep is the goal.
Yes, chronic insomnia is linked to depression, anxiety, heart disease, weakened immunity, and cognitive issues. Treating insomnia improves overall health.
Occasional sleeplessness refers to temporary difficulty sleeping, which may occur during stressful periods or after changes in routine. Chronic insomnia involves recurring sleep difficulties, generally at least three nights a week for at least three months, despite having adequate opportunity to sleep. It can also cause significant daytime difficulties.
Yes. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a recommended first-line treatment for chronic insomnia in adults. It uses structured psychological and behavioral techniques to address the factors that interfere with sleep. Medication is not necessary for everyone.
Yes. Stress and anxiety can make it difficult to relax, fall asleep or stay asleep. Ongoing sleep difficulties may also increase feelings of stress and anxiety, creating a cycle that can be difficult to break. Addressing both sleep problems and contributing psychological factors may help.
The duration of insomnia varies. Some people experience short-term sleep difficulties that resolve when the contributing factors improve. Others develop chronic insomnia, which can continue for months or longer. Appropriate treatment can help manage persistent symptoms.
Evidence
Our Source/References
- [1]American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) - Behavioral and Psychological Treatments for Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Adults
- [2]American College of Physicians - Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Adults
- [3]American Academy of Sleep Medicine - Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults
- [4]National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) - Insomnia
- [5]National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) - Psychotherapies
- [6]988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline
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